The FOUR "Ps" PARADIGM:
The 4 “Ps” paradigm is the fundamental international framework used by the United States and the world to combat contemporary forms of slavery. It was originally called the "3Ps" paradigm- prevention, protection, and prosecution, however in 2009, the "fourth P," partnership, was added by Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton to serve as a pathway to progress in the effort against modern slavery. This paradigm is outlined in the United Nation's (UN) Trafficking in Persons Protocol and the United States' Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA).
1) PREVENTION
Historically, prevention efforts focused on public awareness, campaigns that inform and educate communities in source and destination countries about human trafficking - to I.D. victims and warn migrants and other vulnerable populations.
Today, prevention efforts include:
coordinate, and communicate more effectively
The U.S. Department of State's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons seeks to implement promising practices in prevention by partnering with and funding the efforts of NGOs around the world. Effective law enforcement and protection practices are essential to ensuring stronger prevention policies, which can deter the occurrence of human trafficking.
2) PROTECTION
3) PROSECUTION
4) PARTNERSHIPS
The 4 “Ps” paradigm is the fundamental international framework used by the United States and the world to combat contemporary forms of slavery. It was originally called the "3Ps" paradigm- prevention, protection, and prosecution, however in 2009, the "fourth P," partnership, was added by Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton to serve as a pathway to progress in the effort against modern slavery. This paradigm is outlined in the United Nation's (UN) Trafficking in Persons Protocol and the United States' Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA).
1) PREVENTION
Historically, prevention efforts focused on public awareness, campaigns that inform and educate communities in source and destination countries about human trafficking - to I.D. victims and warn migrants and other vulnerable populations.
Today, prevention efforts include:
- rectifying laws that omit classes of workers from labor law protection
- providing robust labor enforcement
- implementing measures that address significant vulnerabilities (such as birth registrations and I.D.)
- carefully constructing labor recruitment programs that ensure protection of workers from exploitation
- strengthening partnerships between law enforcement, government, and non-governmental organizations to collaborate,
coordinate, and communicate more effectively
- emphasizing effective policy implementation with stronger enforcement, better reporting, and government-endorsed
- tackling the crime at its root causes by monitoring product supply chains and reducing demand on commercial sex.
The U.S. Department of State's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons seeks to implement promising practices in prevention by partnering with and funding the efforts of NGOs around the world. Effective law enforcement and protection practices are essential to ensuring stronger prevention policies, which can deter the occurrence of human trafficking.
2) PROTECTION
- Key victim protection efforts include 3 "Rs" - rescue, rehabilitation, and reintegration.
- Victim identification measures are integral in implementing the victim-centered approach.
- Proactively identifying victims and training first responses are of paramount importance to a county's ability to tackle human
- Governments have a responsibility to enable identified trafficking victims to remain in the country, work, and obtain services
- Protecting victims through effective partnerships between law enforcement and service providers, from immediate and
- Rehab efforts help provide emergency assistance and services - effective placement in stable, long-term situations; access to
- Reintegration efforts include voluntary repatriation for trafficked victims and assistance in their home community.
3) PROSECUTION
- Imposed sentences should involve significant jail time (1 year or more).
- Sentences should take into account the severity of an individual's involvement in trafficking, imposed sentences for other
4) PARTNERSHIPS
- Partnerships augment efforts by bringing together diverse experiences, amplifying messages, and leveraging resources,
- Coalitions of NGOs coming together for purpose of advocacy, service provision, information sharing and networks of survivors who experiences inform the broader trafficking movement.
- The U.S. would like to see documentation of proven, successful strategies of coalition and partnership work.